How is syphilis latent period diagnosed
Latent syphilis was called latent syphilis in previous textbooks. The main causes of latent syphilis are syphilis without treatment or insufficient dose of treatment, incomplete treatment, no clinical symptoms and positive serum reaction of syphilis.
There is another situation, the patient has had a certain way of infection, but due to the patient's strong resistance, no or only very insignificant clinical symptoms such as cervical hard chancre, there has been no clinical manifestation since then, but syphilis serum is positive, this is latent syphilis.
The occurrence of latent syphilis mainly depends on the immunity of the body itself and the result of the contest between treatment and Treponema pallidum. The immune function of the fuselage is normal, or syphilis-related drugs have been improperly used in the treatment of other diseases, resulting in certain therapeutic effects, the Treponema pallidum in the body is limited, and the health of the fuselage is poor at a certain stage. when the immune function drops, Treponema pallidum can take the opportunity to move widely in the human body and damage all kinds of tissues. When the former situation occurs, latent syphilis occurs, and when the latter occurs, it is called apparent syphilis.
The stage of latent syphilis is completely the same as dominant syphilis, acquired syphilis is two years old male chastity , congenital syphilis is two years old, both can be divided into early stage and late stage.
Latent syphilis, the patient has almost no feeling and performance, even if there is also easy to be ignored by the patient, not taken seriously, can not immediately see a doctor. Spirochetes still exist in the tissues of the body, and latent syphilis patients who still have damage to tissues and organs are still contagious, threatening the surrounding couples and close family members.
Early detection of latent syphilis patients, in a variety of people to carry out syphilis serum screening test is very important.
Five good ways to diagnose the latent period of syphilis
Syphilis has a certain incubation period in the human body, and there are also detection methods for pre-onset diagnosis. This paper introduces five detection schemes in detail, hoping to be helpful to the treatment of patients and to understand the five good strategies for the diagnosis of syphilis.
1. Dark horizon microscope detection
Dark horizon microscope is a method to detect Treponema pallidum. Dark vision, as the name implies, means that there is no bright light under the microscope, which makes it easy to examine pale spirals. This is a pathogen test, which is of great significance for the diagnosis of early syphilis.
Pallid spirochetes can be detected in early skin and mucosal lesions (primary and secondary fungal sores). Pallid spirochetes of primary syphilis are often found in hard chancre, ulcer secretions and exudates, and enlarged lymph node puncture can also be detected. Treponema pallidum in secondary syphilis can be detected in blood and tissues of the whole body, but the detection rate in skin is the highest. Treponema pallidum can be found in early congenital syphilis by curettage of skin or mucosal lesions. Recently, amniotic fluid of pregnant women was obtained by amniocentesis and used for dark field microscopic observation, which is of diagnostic value to congenital syphilis.
2. Serum test for syphilis
Syphilis serum examination is of great significance in diagnosing secondary and tertiary syphilis, judging the development and recovery of syphilis, and judging the curative effect of drugs. The syphilis serum test includes the non-Treponema pallidum serum test and the Treponema pallidum serum test. The former is often used for clinical screening and judging the therapeutic effect, and the result is obtained after 1 hour of blood collection, and the cost is also cheap. The latter is mainly used to determine the test, but can not determine the effect of treatment, after suffering from syphilis, the test is positive for life.
The main results are as follows: (1) non-Treponema pallidum serum test, in which the antigens are divided into cardiolipin, lecithin and cholesterol suspension, which are used to detect anticardiolipin antibodies. Because these tests have the same standardized antigen, the sensitivity is similar. Commonly used are ① STD research laboratory glass test (VDRL) ② serum unheated Reagin glass test (USR) ③ rapid plasma Reagin ring card test (RPR). It can be used for clinical screening and quantitative observation of curative effect.
(2) Treponema pallidum serum test included ① fluorescent Treponema pallidum antibody absorption test (FTA-ABS), ② Treponema pallidum hemagglutination test (TPHA), ③ Treponema pallidum kinetic test (TPI) and so on. This kind of test has high specificity and is mainly used in diagnostic examination.
3. Detection of IgM antibody against Treponema pallidum.
The detection of Treponema pallidum IgM antibody is the first new method for the diagnosis of syphilis in recent years. IgM antibody is a kind of immunoglobulin, which has high sensitivity in the diagnosis of syphilis and can be diagnosed in advance to judge whether the fetus is infected with Treponema pallidum and so on. The production of specific IgM antibodies is the first humoral immune response of the body after infection with syphilis or other bacteria or viruses, which is generally positive at the initial stage of infection, and increases with the development of the disease, followed by a gradual increase in IgG antibodies. After effective treatment, IgM antibody disappeared and IgG antibody continued to exist. TP-IgM disappeared in about 2-4 weeks after penicillin treatment in patients with TP-IgM-positive primary syphilis. In patients with TP-IgM positive secondary syphilis, IgM disappeared within 2 to 8 months after penicillin treatment. In addition, the detection of TP-IgM is of great significance for the diagnosis of congenital syphilis in newborns. IgM antibody molecules are large, maternal IgM antibodies can not pass through the placenta, and TP-IgM positive indicates infantile infection.
4. Molecular biology detection.
In recent years, with the rapid development of molecular biology, PCR technology is widely used in clinic, the so-called PCR is polymerase chain reaction, that is, amplifying the selected spirochete DNA sequence from the selected material remote vibrator , so as to increase the number of copies of the selected spirochete DNA, which can be easily detected with specific probes to improve the diagnosis rate. However, this experimental method requires absolutely good laboratories and first-class technicians, but there are few such high-level laboratories in our country at present. Otherwise, there is pollution, add Treponema pallidum, DNA enlarged after the emergence of E. coli, do not cry. Some small clinics are always popular, hang the brand of PCR Lab girl using vibrator , eat and drink together, can only deceive themselves. In fact, the diagnosis of syphilis is not necessarily PCR, as long as a general blood test can be carried out.
5. Examination of cerebrospinal fluid
When patients with end-stage syphilis have neurological symptoms, they are ineffective after expelling syphilis, and cerebrospinal fluid examination should be carried out. This examination is helpful to the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of neurosyphilis. The examination items included cell count, total protein determination, VDRL test and colloidal gold test.
To sum up, the five types of detection methods of syphilis are introduced in detail for your reference, hoping to be helpful to the majority of friends. If the body is not used to it, treat it early in order to find it earlier.
Carefully excavate the symptoms of latent syphilis
Latent syphilis refers to a patient who is diagnosed with syphilis. During a certain period of time, the skin, mucous membrane, organ system and cerebrospinal fluid examination are normal, physical examination and chest X-ray lack the clinical manifestation of syphilis, and the cerebrospinal fluid test is normal. Only syphilis serum reaction is positive.
Latent syphilis-symptoms:
Latent syphilis refers to patients who have been diagnosed with syphilis, in a certain period, the skin, mucous membrane and any organ system and cerebrospinal fluid examination are not abnormal, physical examination, chest X-ray are lack of clinical manifestations of syphilis, cerebrospinal fluid examination is normal, but only syphilis serum reaction positive, or have a clear history of syphilis infection, never have any clinical manifestation. It's called latent syphilis. The diagnosis of latent syphilis depends on the history of primary and secondary syphilis, the history of exposure to syphilis and the birth history of infants with congenital syphilis. Previous negative results of syphilis serum test and medical history or contact history help to determine the duration of latent syphilis. The infection time is less than 2 years for initial latent syphilis, more than 2 years for end-stage latent syphilis, and another kind of latent syphilis whose disease stage is not clear. Latent syphilis will not show symptoms, because the body's own immunity is relatively strong, or because treatment leads to temporary inhibition of spirochetes. During latent syphilis, Treponema pallidum still appears intermittently in the blood. Pregnant women with latent syphilis can infect fetuses in the womb. It can also be infected to the recipient by donating blood.
Latent syphilis-diagnostic basis:
Early latent syphilis can be judged comprehensively on the basis of the following conditions: the serological changes of ① continuous syphilis, that is, whether the non-Treponema pallidum test has increased by 4 times or more; whether ② has the symptomatic history of primary or secondary syphilis; whether ③ 's sexual partner has primary, secondary or latent syphilis with a course of less than 2 years; the diagnosis can only be diagnosed if the ④ gene is positive for Treponema pallidum DNA. In addition to early latent syphilis dildo machine , almost all of them are syphilis with unknown disease stage, and this kind of syphilis should be treated as late latent syphilis. For children with latent syphilis diagnosed after the neonatal period, the mother's medical history and the child's birth condition should be carefully analyzed to determine whether the patient is congenital or acquired syphilis. All patients with latent syphilis should be examined for symptoms of tertiary syphilis, such as arteritis, neurosyphilis, gum swelling and iritis.
There is another situation, the patient has had a certain way of infection, but due to the patient's strong resistance, no or only very insignificant clinical symptoms such as cervical hard chancre, there has been no clinical manifestation since then, but syphilis serum is positive, this is latent syphilis.
The occurrence of latent syphilis mainly depends on the immunity of the body itself and the result of the contest between treatment and Treponema pallidum. The immune function of the fuselage is normal, or syphilis-related drugs have been improperly used in the treatment of other diseases, resulting in certain therapeutic effects, the Treponema pallidum in the body is limited, and the health of the fuselage is poor at a certain stage. when the immune function drops, Treponema pallidum can take the opportunity to move widely in the human body and damage all kinds of tissues. When the former situation occurs, latent syphilis occurs, and when the latter occurs, it is called apparent syphilis.
The stage of latent syphilis is completely the same as dominant syphilis, acquired syphilis is two years old male chastity , congenital syphilis is two years old, both can be divided into early stage and late stage.
Latent syphilis, the patient has almost no feeling and performance, even if there is also easy to be ignored by the patient, not taken seriously, can not immediately see a doctor. Spirochetes still exist in the tissues of the body, and latent syphilis patients who still have damage to tissues and organs are still contagious, threatening the surrounding couples and close family members.
Early detection of latent syphilis patients, in a variety of people to carry out syphilis serum screening test is very important.
Five good ways to diagnose the latent period of syphilis
Syphilis has a certain incubation period in the human body, and there are also detection methods for pre-onset diagnosis. This paper introduces five detection schemes in detail, hoping to be helpful to the treatment of patients and to understand the five good strategies for the diagnosis of syphilis.
1. Dark horizon microscope detection
Dark horizon microscope is a method to detect Treponema pallidum. Dark vision, as the name implies, means that there is no bright light under the microscope, which makes it easy to examine pale spirals. This is a pathogen test, which is of great significance for the diagnosis of early syphilis.
Pallid spirochetes can be detected in early skin and mucosal lesions (primary and secondary fungal sores). Pallid spirochetes of primary syphilis are often found in hard chancre, ulcer secretions and exudates, and enlarged lymph node puncture can also be detected. Treponema pallidum in secondary syphilis can be detected in blood and tissues of the whole body, but the detection rate in skin is the highest. Treponema pallidum can be found in early congenital syphilis by curettage of skin or mucosal lesions. Recently, amniotic fluid of pregnant women was obtained by amniocentesis and used for dark field microscopic observation, which is of diagnostic value to congenital syphilis.
2. Serum test for syphilis
Syphilis serum examination is of great significance in diagnosing secondary and tertiary syphilis, judging the development and recovery of syphilis, and judging the curative effect of drugs. The syphilis serum test includes the non-Treponema pallidum serum test and the Treponema pallidum serum test. The former is often used for clinical screening and judging the therapeutic effect, and the result is obtained after 1 hour of blood collection, and the cost is also cheap. The latter is mainly used to determine the test, but can not determine the effect of treatment, after suffering from syphilis, the test is positive for life.
The main results are as follows: (1) non-Treponema pallidum serum test, in which the antigens are divided into cardiolipin, lecithin and cholesterol suspension, which are used to detect anticardiolipin antibodies. Because these tests have the same standardized antigen, the sensitivity is similar. Commonly used are ① STD research laboratory glass test (VDRL) ② serum unheated Reagin glass test (USR) ③ rapid plasma Reagin ring card test (RPR). It can be used for clinical screening and quantitative observation of curative effect.
(2) Treponema pallidum serum test included ① fluorescent Treponema pallidum antibody absorption test (FTA-ABS), ② Treponema pallidum hemagglutination test (TPHA), ③ Treponema pallidum kinetic test (TPI) and so on. This kind of test has high specificity and is mainly used in diagnostic examination.
3. Detection of IgM antibody against Treponema pallidum.
The detection of Treponema pallidum IgM antibody is the first new method for the diagnosis of syphilis in recent years. IgM antibody is a kind of immunoglobulin, which has high sensitivity in the diagnosis of syphilis and can be diagnosed in advance to judge whether the fetus is infected with Treponema pallidum and so on. The production of specific IgM antibodies is the first humoral immune response of the body after infection with syphilis or other bacteria or viruses, which is generally positive at the initial stage of infection, and increases with the development of the disease, followed by a gradual increase in IgG antibodies. After effective treatment, IgM antibody disappeared and IgG antibody continued to exist. TP-IgM disappeared in about 2-4 weeks after penicillin treatment in patients with TP-IgM-positive primary syphilis. In patients with TP-IgM positive secondary syphilis, IgM disappeared within 2 to 8 months after penicillin treatment. In addition, the detection of TP-IgM is of great significance for the diagnosis of congenital syphilis in newborns. IgM antibody molecules are large, maternal IgM antibodies can not pass through the placenta, and TP-IgM positive indicates infantile infection.
4. Molecular biology detection.
In recent years, with the rapid development of molecular biology, PCR technology is widely used in clinic, the so-called PCR is polymerase chain reaction, that is, amplifying the selected spirochete DNA sequence from the selected material remote vibrator , so as to increase the number of copies of the selected spirochete DNA, which can be easily detected with specific probes to improve the diagnosis rate. However, this experimental method requires absolutely good laboratories and first-class technicians, but there are few such high-level laboratories in our country at present. Otherwise, there is pollution, add Treponema pallidum, DNA enlarged after the emergence of E. coli, do not cry. Some small clinics are always popular, hang the brand of PCR Lab girl using vibrator , eat and drink together, can only deceive themselves. In fact, the diagnosis of syphilis is not necessarily PCR, as long as a general blood test can be carried out.
5. Examination of cerebrospinal fluid
When patients with end-stage syphilis have neurological symptoms, they are ineffective after expelling syphilis, and cerebrospinal fluid examination should be carried out. This examination is helpful to the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of neurosyphilis. The examination items included cell count, total protein determination, VDRL test and colloidal gold test.
To sum up, the five types of detection methods of syphilis are introduced in detail for your reference, hoping to be helpful to the majority of friends. If the body is not used to it, treat it early in order to find it earlier.
Carefully excavate the symptoms of latent syphilis
Latent syphilis refers to a patient who is diagnosed with syphilis. During a certain period of time, the skin, mucous membrane, organ system and cerebrospinal fluid examination are normal, physical examination and chest X-ray lack the clinical manifestation of syphilis, and the cerebrospinal fluid test is normal. Only syphilis serum reaction is positive.
Latent syphilis-symptoms:
Latent syphilis refers to patients who have been diagnosed with syphilis, in a certain period, the skin, mucous membrane and any organ system and cerebrospinal fluid examination are not abnormal, physical examination, chest X-ray are lack of clinical manifestations of syphilis, cerebrospinal fluid examination is normal, but only syphilis serum reaction positive, or have a clear history of syphilis infection, never have any clinical manifestation. It's called latent syphilis. The diagnosis of latent syphilis depends on the history of primary and secondary syphilis, the history of exposure to syphilis and the birth history of infants with congenital syphilis. Previous negative results of syphilis serum test and medical history or contact history help to determine the duration of latent syphilis. The infection time is less than 2 years for initial latent syphilis, more than 2 years for end-stage latent syphilis, and another kind of latent syphilis whose disease stage is not clear. Latent syphilis will not show symptoms, because the body's own immunity is relatively strong, or because treatment leads to temporary inhibition of spirochetes. During latent syphilis, Treponema pallidum still appears intermittently in the blood. Pregnant women with latent syphilis can infect fetuses in the womb. It can also be infected to the recipient by donating blood.
Latent syphilis-diagnostic basis:
Early latent syphilis can be judged comprehensively on the basis of the following conditions: the serological changes of ① continuous syphilis, that is, whether the non-Treponema pallidum test has increased by 4 times or more; whether ② has the symptomatic history of primary or secondary syphilis; whether ③ 's sexual partner has primary, secondary or latent syphilis with a course of less than 2 years; the diagnosis can only be diagnosed if the ④ gene is positive for Treponema pallidum DNA. In addition to early latent syphilis dildo machine , almost all of them are syphilis with unknown disease stage, and this kind of syphilis should be treated as late latent syphilis. For children with latent syphilis diagnosed after the neonatal period, the mother's medical history and the child's birth condition should be carefully analyzed to determine whether the patient is congenital or acquired syphilis. All patients with latent syphilis should be examined for symptoms of tertiary syphilis, such as arteritis, neurosyphilis, gum swelling and iritis.
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